Back to the Lab The Lab · Your first job

The Fake Boss

Your boss says pay the supplier today. The supplier has sent new bank details, and your boss texts from a new number to say send it. Get the right money to the right people before the bank's 3:30 cutoff.

  • About 15 minutes
  • No sign-up

Thursday, 1:00 pm

  1. It's Thursday, July 16, and you're 17. This is your third week as the summer office assistant at Halloran Heating & Air, a 14-person heating and air-conditioning company in New Jersey.
  2. Jordan Halloran owns the company. All afternoon Jordan is on a roof in Newark with the crew, getting a bakery's roof ready for a new air-conditioning unit, and hard to reach.
  3. Pat Ruiz, the bookkeeper, is at a family wedding in Florida and flies home tonight. Before leaving, Pat set you up with your own login to the company's bank account so you can pay the bills Jordan approves.
  4. The bank's cutoff for same-day payments is 3:30. Anything sent after that goes out tomorrow.
  5. On Monday, Jordan bet you a soda that you couldn't name all nine parts of the old furnace in the shop. You named all nine. Jordan still owes you a soda.
  6. Two new emails are waiting.

Your inbox

From
Jordan Halloran <jordan@hallorancomfort.com>
To
office@hallorancomfort.com
Sent
Thursday, 12:58 pm
Subject
Kestrel 44817, pay today

Hi,

Kestrel's invoice 44817 for the Ferry St job is due today, $18,420.00. It's in the Bills folder. Please pay it from the bank before the cutoff.

I'm on the roof until about 3.

Thanks,
Jordan

From
Lee Ostrowski <lee.ostrowski@kestrel-hvacsupply.com>
To
office@hallorancomfort.com
Sent
Thursday, 12:44 pm
Subject
RE: Invoice 44817 from Kestrel HVAC Supply
Attached
Kestrel_banking_update.pdf

Hello,

Following up on invoice 44817 for $18,420.00, due today.

After our mid-year audit, Kestrel has moved its banking. Starting this month, please send all payments to our new account and update your records. The details are in the attached letter. Payments sent to the old account will be returned, which could delay your order or put your account on credit hold.

Because of the change, please send today's payment by wire so it arrives before our month-end close, and reply with the confirmation once it's sent.

Thank you,
Lee Ostrowski
Accounts Receivable, Kestrel HVAC Supply
(973) 555-0148

On Tuesday, June 16, Lee Ostrowski <lee.ostrowski@kestrelhvacsupply.com> wrote:

Please find attached invoice 44817 for the Ferry St order: one 10-ton rooftop unit, curb adapter and controls. Total $18,420.00, terms net 30. Thank you for your business.

The attached letter is on Kestrel's letterhead, with its logo. It gives a routing number (which tells banks which bank the account is at) and a new account number ending in 7730.

The rest of the afternoon

  1. 1:20 pm, a text from (862) 555-0187: Hi it's Jordan. New phone, the old one died on the roof. Save this number. Did you get Kestrel's email about their new bank? Pay them on the new account today please. We need their parts for tomorrow.
  2. 1:50 pm, a voice message from (862) 555-0187, 16 seconds long. It sounds exactly like Jordan: Hey, it's Jordan. Sorry, it's crazy up here. Kestrel needs that payment on the new account today or they hold our order, and the crew needs those parts at seven. Pat already checked it with them. Just send it, okay? Thanks.
  3. 2:05 pm, a text from "Jordan (cell)", the number saved in the office phone: Our crane for tomorrow canceled. Riverline Crane can do 7 am at Ferry St. They need a $1,150 deposit on the company card today to hold it. Their office is 973-555-0163. Card's in Pat's top drawer.
  4. 2:30 pm, a video call from (862) 555-0187. Two faces fill the screen: Jordan in a hard hat on a roof, and Pat at an airport gate. The picture is a little dark and choppy, the way calls from a roof usually are.
  5. Jordan, on the call: Hey. I've got two minutes. Is Kestrel paid?
  6. Pat, on the call: I talked to Lee at Kestrel this morning. The new account is right. I just can't get into the bank from here.
  7. Jordan, on the call: So send it now, please. If we miss the cutoff, we lose tomorrow.

Your desk

Vendor file

SupplierKestrel HVAC Supply
ContactLee Ostrowski, accounts receivable
Phone(973) 555-0112
Emailar@kestrelhvacsupply.com
How we payACH to the account ending 4471
TermsNet 30 (due 30 days after the invoice)
Last paidInvoice 44102, $9,860.00, on June 12

Riverline Crane isn't in the file. Halloran has never used it.

Saved in the office phone

Jordan (cell)(973) 555-0139
Pat (cell)(973) 555-0176

Pat's notes on paying bills

  1. Pay only bills Jordan has approved in writing. An email or a text is fine.
  2. Pay suppliers to the bank details in the vendor file, by same-day ACH, before 3:30.
  3. Changes to a supplier's bank details go through me.
  4. The company card is in my top drawer. Use it only for things Jordan asks for, up to $2,000, and keep the receipt.
  5. Not sure about something? Ask Jordan or me. Text is fine.

The company's bank account

Balance: $61,240.18. One supplier is saved as a payee: Kestrel HVAC Supply, account ending 4471. A payee that's already saved can be paid by same-day ACH. A new payee can only be paid today by wire, which this bank sends within minutes.

A payee is a person or company the bank has saved as someone you pay. ACH is the normal bank-to-bank payment. A wire moves money in minutes and is very hard to pull back once it's sent.

What the AI said

In the game you can ask an AI about three of the messages. These are real answers from Claude, an AI made by Anthropic, to the question a 17-year-old in your seat might type, with the whole message pasted in. It was told not to look anything up. We asked each question six times, on three Claude models (the versions Claude Code used on November 11, 2026), and show the first answer from Opus, the most capable of the three. The runs went through Claude Code, Anthropic's tool for developers, told to answer like a chat app, so the Claude app may answer a little differently. We tested only Claude; other chatbots may answer differently too. The only change is that bold text and lists are shown in the page's own style.

About Lee's email:

No. Don't pay it the way that email says. It has the classic signs of a common scam called business email compromise. Criminals pose as a supplier and get the payment sent to their own account.

The biggest red flag is the email address. Look closely:

  • Real email from June 16: lee.ostrowski@kestrelhvacsupply.com
  • Today's email: lee.ostrowski@kestrel-hvacsupply.com (has a hyphen)

That's a different domain. Someone probably registered it because it looks almost the same. The name, the signature, the "RE:" subject and the logo on the PDF are all easy to fake.

Other warning signs:

  • A sudden "we changed banks, use the new account" message.
  • Pressure to pay today, plus threats about credit holds and returned payments.
  • Asking for a wire instead of your usual method. Wires are very hard to get back.
  • Asking you to reply with the confirmation, so they know when the money has landed.

What to do now:

  1. Don't wire money or change any bank details. Don't reply to that email, and don't call the phone number in it or in the PDF. Those could lead straight to the scammer.
  2. Tell your boss right away, in person or by phone, not by email. Show them both addresses side by side. Also confirm that the 12:58 email really came from your boss's normal address, just to be safe.
  3. Check with Kestrel using contact details you already trust. That could be a phone number from an older invoice, your company's records, or Kestrel's website, typed in yourself. Ask whether their banking really changed. Your boss may want to make that call.
  4. Pay only to the account you already have on file, and only once your boss says it's okay. If it slips a little while you check, that's fine. A real supplier would much rather wait than have the money stolen.
  5. Mention this to your boss too: the scammer knew the real invoice number, amount and due date. That suggests someone's email, yours or Kestrel's, may have been hacked. Your company should change email passwords and turn on two-step login. Kestrel should be told so they can warn other customers. Your boss can also report it at ic3.gov, the FBI's site for internet crime.
  6. If any money was already sent, call your company's bank immediately. Speed matters a lot for getting a wire stopped.

You handled this well by stopping to ask. Scams like this fool experienced accountants all the time. Checking first and getting your boss involved is exactly the right call, and it isn't a decision you should have to make alone.

About the texts and the voice message from the new number:

I can't tell you for sure, but treat this as a scam until you prove otherwise. Don't send the money to the new account yet. Checking first was the right call.

Why this looks like fraud

This matches a very common scam aimed at small businesses:

  • The supplier says it changed banks. This is the classic setup. Scammers hack or fake a supplier's email so the payment goes to their account.
  • Your "boss" has a new number and a story about why you can't call the old one.
  • There's a rush. "Today," "the crew needs parts at seven," "just send it." Pressure is there to stop you from checking.
  • The voice sounds exactly like Jordan. That doesn't prove anything anymore. AI can copy a voice from a short clip, like a video or an old voicemail.
  • "Pat already checked it." This conveniently names the one person you can't reach today. Scammers often learn things like that from social media.

What to do now

  1. Don't pay the new account. Don't reply to (862) 555-0187 with any account details either.
  2. Reach Jordan a way you already trust. Call the old number (it may not be dead at all), the office line, or someone on the crew who's with Jordan. Never use the number from the text.
  3. Call Kestrel yourself. Use a number from an old invoice, your files, or their website, not from the email about the new bank. Ask: "Did you change your bank details?" Real suppliers expect this call.
  4. Look closely at both emails. Check the actual sender addresses, not just the names, for small changes like "kestre1" or a different ending. Check the reply-to address too. Jordan's original email asking you to pay may be real. The bank change is the part to doubt.
  5. Text Pat at Pat's usual number. Something short like "Did you confirm Kestrel's new bank?" might get a quick answer.
  6. Keep everything. Don't delete the texts, voicemail or emails.

If it's fake

Tell Jordan, and warn Kestrel, because their email may have been hacked. Jordan or Pat can report it to the bank and to the FBI at ic3.gov.

If you already sent any money

Call the company's bank right away. Money can sometimes be stopped or recalled, but only if the bank hears about it within hours.

About the deadline

If this really is Jordan, waiting a few hours while you check won't hurt anything. Jordan can call Kestrel directly to keep the order moving. A real boss will be glad you checked. Losing $18,420 would be far worse than a delayed order, and a decision this size shouldn't rest on you alone.

Later, it's worth suggesting a company rule: any change to bank details gets confirmed by a phone call to a number already on file. You might also suggest a code word with Jordan for urgent money requests.

About the crane text from Jordan's saved number:

It might be real, but don't pay anything until you've checked with Jordan another way. This text has the classic signs of a common business scam:

  • It's urgent. "Today," "to hold it."
  • It's a vendor you've never used, and it comes with its own phone number for you to call.
  • It asks for a card payment, and it tells you where the card is.
  • It goes around the normal process. It sends you to the card instead of asking Pat, who handles the money.

Seeing "Jordan (cell)" on the text doesn't prove much. Scammers can fake the number a text comes from, and phones and accounts get hacked. And if it is a scam, calling 973-555-0163 just puts you on the phone with the scammer, who will say "yep, Riverline, we just need that card number."

What to do:

  1. Call Jordan. Don't just text back. Call the number you already have saved, or ask in person. Something like: "Hey, just confirming the Riverline crane deposit before I put $1,150 on the card." If Jordan really sent it, this takes 30 seconds and Jordan won't mind.
  2. Tell Pat. Pat is the bookkeeper and the card is in Pat's drawer, so Pat should know about this and ideally make the payment. You're the summer assistant. Charging $1,150 to a new vendor shouldn't be on you alone, even if the request is real.
  3. If Jordan confirms it, look up Riverline Crane yourself (their website, a Google listing) and call the number you find there, not the one in the text. Pay through a normal invoice or payment link and keep a receipt.
  4. If you can't reach Jordan or Pat, wait. A real crane company can hold a slot for an hour. If they won't, that's a red flag in itself.

One small thing: phone numbers from 555-0100 to 555-0199 are reserved for movies and TV and aren't real business lines. If that's the exact number in the text and you didn't just change it to show me, that's another warning sign.

If you've already given out the card number, tell Pat or Jordan right away so they can call the card company. The sooner the better.

You're doing the right thing by checking first. Most people who get caught by this scam didn't stop to ask.

What was real

Jordan's 12:58 email: real

It came from Jordan's usual address and asked for nothing new: pay a bill that was due today, the normal way.

Lee's 12:44 email: fake

The sender's address has a hyphen, kestrel-hvacsupply.com. The June email quoted underneath shows the real one, kestrelhvacsupply.com. Then the usual signs: new bank details, a switch from the normal payment to a wire, "today", a threat (a credit hold, which means the supplier stops shipping until it's paid), and a request to confirm once it's sent. What made it convincing was real: the invoice number, the amount and the order. Someone had broken into a Kestrel mailbox and could read its real invoices. That's how some real cases start, like the Studco case below.

The phone number in the email was the scammer's. Calling it checks the message with the person who wrote it. So does replying to the email.

The texts, the voice message and the video call: fake

A new number, a reason not to use the old one, a rush, and "Pat already checked it", naming the one person you couldn't reach. The voice and the faces were made by AI from Jordan's and Pat's videos online. You couldn't have heard or seen the difference, and the game never asked you to. If you asked about the bet, the fakes dodged it and the call dropped. A question ended the Ferrari call too, and at Arup the fake finance chief gave orders and then left in a hurry. Both are below.

The crane text from Jordan's saved number: real

It was urgent, unusual and for a company Halloran had never used. But it came the usual way, from the number you already had. Nothing in it changed how money moves, it was under Pat's $2,000 card limit, and you could check it: Riverline's own website gives the same office number. It was also a clue, if you noticed: the phone that "died on the roof" was still texting.

A saved name isn't proof by itself, though. A text can be faked to show a saved name, and a phone can be taken over. When money is involved, call that saved number yourself rather than just texting back, and for a big amount get a second person to agree. No check is perfect: if someone stole the phone number itself, they can answer the calls too.

The checks that worked

  • Kestrel, on the number in the vendor file. Twenty minutes on hold, and then the truth.
  • Jordan's saved number. A text got an answer at 2:40, on Jordan's break. A call worked after 3:00.
  • Pat's saved number. An answer at 3:15, when Pat's phone came back on.
  • The question about Monday's bet. The fakes couldn't answer it, and the call ended.

The first three go around the person asking, so they don't depend on spotting anything. The fourth asks the caller something only the real Jordan would know. That can work, as it did for Ferrari, but calling back on a number you already had is stronger, because someone who has read your messages might know the answer. The checks that didn't work all went back through the scammer: the number in the email, a reply to the email, and the new phone number.

What the AI got right, and what it couldn't do

6 of 6runs on Lee's email spotted the hyphen in the address, said not to send the wire, and said to call Kestrel on a number you already had.
4 of 6also said the due date didn't match the invoice's 30-day terms. It does: June 16 plus 30 days is July 16, today. All four came from Haiku and Sonnet. The runs weren't told the date, and treated something they couldn't check as a warning sign.
6 of 6runs on the texts said the voice proves nothing and to reach Jordan on the old number. Four of them called Jordan "him", which nothing in the messages said.
0 of 6runs on the crane text said to go ahead. All six said to check first by calling Jordan, not just texting back, though five said it might be real. In this game a call works after 3:00. A text back also reaches the real Jordan at 2:40, but only because nobody had taken over Jordan's phone.

The AI was more open to the real request than to the fakes, and its advice to check first is what fraud experts say too. It wasn't told Pat's $2,000 card rule, or that Jordan's "dead" phone was still texting. What it can't do is tell you which message is real: it only sees the words. It can't call anyone back or check an account number. Both Opus runs on the crane text noticed that its phone number was a made-up 555-01 number, the kind movies use. Every number in this game is one.

Keep these

Four questions before you send money

  1. Did this come the way it always comes? A new phone number, a new email address or a new app is a reason to slow down.
  2. Is anything changing? New bank details, a new way to pay, or "just this once" is where the fraud lives.
  3. Can I check it on a number I already had? Never the number, link or reply address in the message itself.
  4. Who else has to agree, and did I reach them myself? A face on a video call isn't a person you reached.

A real boss would rather wait ten minutes than lose $18,420. If yours wouldn't, that's worth knowing too.

What's true outside the game

  • It happened to a big firm. In January 2024 a finance worker at the engineering firm Arup, in Hong Kong, joined a video meeting with the company's chief financial officer and several colleagues. Every one of them was a deepfake, made from videos posted online. Hong Kong police said the worker made 15 transfers to five accounts within a week, about HK$200 million (about US$25 million), and found out only after checking with head office. The fake finance chief gave instructions and then ended the meeting quickly.
  • A question stopped one. In July 2024 someone posing as Ferrari's CEO sent WhatsApp messages and then called with a cloned voice about a secret deal. The executive asked which book the CEO had recommended a few days earlier. The call ended.
  • News from November 2026. On November 5, 2026, federal prosecutors in Manhattan announced charges against three men over a scheme that allegedly used AI copies of CEOs' voices, and sometimes their faces, plus fake lawyers, to get companies' accounting staff to wire at least $129 million between July 2024 and February 2026. These are charges, not convictions.
  • It's one of the biggest frauds there is. In 2025 the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center received 24,768 complaints of business email compromise, this kind of fraud, with $3.05 billion lost. Only investment fraud cost more. In a 2026 survey of 465 finance staff at US organizations, 74% said their organization was targeted by this kind of fraud in 2025. Most of it still runs on plain email and texts: only 135 of those complaints to the FBI mentioned AI, though victims often can't tell.
  • Speed matters. In 2025 the FBI's recovery team and banks froze $679 million of $1.16 billion that criminals tried to move, about 58%. That covers several kinds of fraud, not only this kind, and frozen isn't the same as returned. The FBI says "time is of the essence": call your bank right away, then report it at ic3.gov. The amounts you got back in this game are made up. The speed rule is real.
  • In the US, the company usually takes the loss. When an employee presses Send, the law usually treats the payment as one the company made. In one 2025 case, a supplier's real email was hacked, and an appeals court left a $558,000 loss with the company that paid. In the UK, since October 2024, banks must pay back people, very small businesses and small charities tricked into sending a bank transfer to another UK account, up to £85,000 (banks may keep up to £100), unless they were very careless.
  • Voices and faces are easy to copy. One popular service accepts as little as 10 seconds of audio to clone a voice (it suggests a minute or two). Consumer Reports tested six voice-cloning products in 2025 and found that four only asked users to tick a box saying they had permission. In a 2025 study, listeners took a cloned voice for the real person about 80% of the time. A security researcher who had never edited images built a live face swap for video job interviews in about 70 minutes, with free tools and a five-year-old computer. And in a review of 56 research papers on all kinds of deepfakes, people caught the fakes only about 55% of the time, close to a coin toss. They did better at recognizing real ones.
  • It goes after new hires. The Federal Trade Commission warns that fake bosses contact new employees, sometimes before their first day, asking them to buy gift cards and send the numbers, or to send bank or personal details fast. A post saying you started a new job can tip them off. Only scammers ask you to buy gift cards and send them the numbers.

Now do it for real

  1. Make a code word with your family. The FBI suggests it. Pick something nobody could guess, and agree that any call asking for money or help in a hurry has to include it.
  2. Write your callback line and save it in your phone: "I'll call you right back on the number I have." Then have an adult play a pushy boss on the phone while you practice saying it, twice.
  3. At your next job, ask one question: "If a supplier changes its bank details, how do we check it?" If nobody knows, you've found something useful to bring up.

You will have a code word your family really uses, and a line you've said out loud. Time: 20 minutes. You need: your family and a phone.

Sources

Last checked November 11, 2026. Halloran Heating & Air, Kestrel HVAC Supply, Riverline Crane, the bank and its 3:30 cutoff, and everyone in the story are made up, and so are their phone numbers and web addresses. They aren't real websites. Don't visit them: anyone could buy those names later. How long each check takes, and the amounts the bank freezes in the game, are made up too. Torah Tech wrote this lesson with the help of Claude, an AI made by Anthropic. Any mistakes are ours.

Back to the Lab

The Opportunity Year · Tel Aviv, Israel

Learn like this for a year

Torah Tech is a beit midrash in Tel Aviv built for personal and professional growth: Torah learning at the center of every day, and internships at Israeli startups. It is the year a future Jewish leader realizes who he can become, and chooses to become it.