Shmirat HaLashon, Daily Week 3: Meetings and Decisions
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Shmirat HaLashon · Week 3: Meetings and Decisions
שְׁמִירַת הַלָּשׁוֹן

Seven days of speech in the meeting room

One teaching a day from the Chafetz Chaim on guarding your speech: the law from his book Chafetz Chaim, the why from Shmirat HaLashon, and how to take it to work. About two minutes. Want more? Every day has a "Go deeper" section with more of his words and every source.

His words are in the dark boxes. Take it to work is our application of his teaching.

Sunday, November 15 · Day 1 of 7

Ask Before You Listen

Before someone tells you about a colleague, the Chafetz Chaim gives you one question to ask first.

2 minute read
Think first

Someone starts telling you something negative about a colleague. If you have no plan to believe it, is there anything wrong with just listening?

Today's teaching

The Chafetz Chaim rules that even listening to lashon hara (negative talk about someone) is forbidden by the Torah, even with no plan to believe it. If it truly matters to you going forward, for example you were about to go into business with that person, you may listen in order to protect yourself, as long as you only stay careful and do not believe it. His practical advice: ask at the start what the story is for. If it serves no purpose, or it is only abuse born of hatred, you may not even listen. In Shmirat HaLashon he adds that people stop gossiping around someone known not to listen.

Read it in his wordsThe Chafetz Chaim in Hebrew, with our English
הָרוֹצֶּה לָצֵּאת יְדֵי שָׁמַיִם בְּעִנְיְנִי הַשְּׁמִיעָה, יִתְנַהֵג כָּךְ, אִם אִישׁ אֶחָד בָּא אֵלָיו וְרוֹצֶּה לְסַפֵּר לוֹ עַל חֲבֵרוֹ, וְהוּא מֵבִין, שֶׁרוֹצֶה לְסַפֵּר עָלָיו דִּבְרֵי גְּנוּת, יִשְׁאָלֶנּוּ מִתְּחִלָּה, אִם הָעִנְיָן שֶׁאַתָּה רוֹצֶּה לְסַפֵּר לִי, יִהְיֶה נוֹגֵעַ לִי עַל לְהַבָּא, אוֹ שֶׁאוּכַל לְתַקֵּן אֶת הַדָּבָר בְּהוֹכָחָה אוֹ כַּיּוֹצֵּא בָּזֶה
"Whoever wants to do what Heaven asks of him in the matter of listening should act like this. If a person comes to him wanting to tell him about his fellow, and he understands that it will be something disparaging, he should ask him at the start: 'Is what you want to tell me something that will matter to me going forward, or something I could fix by rebuking him, or the like?'"
Chafetz Chaim, Lashon Hara 6:3Open the source
Take it to work

Before you hear it, ask what it is for

It starts with two light taps on the doorframe, the knock of someone already halfway in. "Got a second? It's about Eitan." You have met Eitan twice, both times at the printer, which he understands better than anyone in the building. You have a second.

The Chafetz Chaim rules that even listening is forbidden, even with no plan to believe a word (6:2). Then he gives you one sentence for the start: is this something that matters to me going forward, or something I could fix by taking it up with him (6:3)? If yes, you may listen, to be careful, not to believe. If not, or if it is only abuse born of hatred, you may not even listen. A listener, he adds in a note, is what keeps the speaker coming back.

It will feel a little rude, the way asking for an agenda is rude: briefly, and only to people who did not have one. Maybe the story really is something you need, and the question will bring that out in one sentence. More often the answer is "No, I just thought you'd want to know," which is an answer. Your colleague says it can wait. Possibly it can.

Today's move

The next time someone starts with "You should know something about...", ask first: "Is this something I need to know going forward?"

Send to a friend

Ask yourself, or your study partnerWhen someone wants to tell me about a person, do I ask what it is for, or do I lean in?

Go deeperMore of his words, and every source

If the answer is yes, or no

אִם יֹאמַר אֵלָיו, שֶׁנּוֹגֵעַ לוֹ עַל לְהַבָּא, אוֹ שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לְתַקֵּן אֶת הַדָּבָר וְכַנַּ"ל, מֻתָּר לִשְׁמֹעַ, וְלֹא יַאֲמִין לְעֵת עַתָּה, רַק לָחוּשׁ, עַד שֶׁיִּתְבָּרֵר הַדָּבָר, אֲבָל אִם יָבִין מִתְּשׁוּבָתוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה תּוֹעֶלֶת מִזֶּה, אוֹ שֶׁיָּבִין שֶׁהוּא רַק דִּבְרֵי חֵרוּפִין וְגִדּוּפִין בְּעָלְמָא, שֶׁהוּא מַעֲלִיל עָלָיו עֲלִילוֹת בְּרֶשַׁע וּמְגַנְּה אוֹתוֹ מֵּחֲמַת גֹּדֶל שִׂנְאָתוֹ אוֹתוֹ אָסוּר אֲפִלּוּ לִשְׁמֹעַ
"If he tells him that it matters to him going forward, or that he can fix the matter, as above, he may listen. But he should not believe it for now, only be careful, until the matter becomes clear. And if he understands from his answer that no good will come of it, or understands that it is nothing but insults and abuse, that he is wickedly making accusations against him and running him down out of the greatness of his hatred, it is forbidden even to listen."
Chafetz Chaim, Lashon Hara 6:3Open the source

In a note on this paragraph he explains what is at stake: a person who listens, even without believing, encourages the speaker, who will keep coming back once he sees he has an audience. If you answered, "I do not want to hear about something I did not see myself," or at least showed him a displeased face, he would hold back next time, seeing that it only earns him a name as a gossip.

And sometimes, he adds (6:4), it is a mitzvah to listen: when hearing the whole story would let you show the speaker or the others that it is not so, or when hearing out someone's complaint will calm him so that he does not tell it to others. Even then, be careful; do not believe it.

Known as someone who does not listen

אֲבָל מִי שֶׁנִּתְפַּרְסֵם עִנְיָנוֹ בְּתוֹךְ הָעִיר, שֶׁלֹּא יֹאבֶה לִשְׁמֹעַ לָשׁוֹן הָרָע וּרְכִילוּת, יִמְנְעוּ אֶת עַצְמָם מִלְּסַפֵּר, אֲפִלּוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים אֲחֵרִים, אִם יִרְאוּהוּ עוֹמֵד בְּתוֹכָם, פֶּן יַעֲשֶׂה אוֹתָם לִמְסַפְּרֵי לָשׁוֹן הָרָע לִפְנֵי הַשׁוֹמְעִים, וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן שֶׁלֹּא יְסַפְּרוּ לוֹ בְּעַצְמוֹ
"But one who is known in the city as unwilling to listen to lashon hara and rechilut (talebearing): people will hold back from telling it, even to others, if they see him standing among them, in case he exposes them as speakers of lashon hara in front of the listeners. And all the more so they will not tell it to him."
Shmirat HaLashon, Gate of Remembering 12:5Open the source

He opens the paragraph with what the listener himself stands to lose. Gossip happens even in shul (synagogue), during Kaddish, the repetition of the Amidah and the Torah reading, and a person who gives it an ear loses the "Amen"s and the learning of those moments. Whoever guards himself from accepting it, he writes, keeps his Torah and mitzvot whole.

Sources

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Monday, November 16 · Day 2 of 7

Feedback Goes to the Speaker, Not the Hallway

"There was nothing in it." The Chafetz Chaim on reviewing a talk in the hallway.

2 minute read
Think first

A colleague's presentation really was weak, and everyone saw it. Is it lashon hara (speaking negatively about someone) to say so afterward?

Today's teaching

When someone gives a public talk, the Chafetz Chaim writes, it is forbidden to mock him and say there is nothing in what he says. Many people do not even think of this as wrong, he notes, but it is complete lashon hara (negative talk about someone), even if it is true: it often costs the speaker money, and brings him pain and shame. If you are a person of conscience, he says, go to him afterward, privately, and suggest other ways to present it, and so keep "Love your fellow as yourself." In Shmirat HaLashon he names the root: a habit of mockery.

Read it in his wordsThe Chafetz Chaim in Hebrew, with our English
כְּשֶׁדּוֹרֵשׁ אֶחָד בְּבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ אָסוּר עַל פִּי הַדִּין לְהַלְעִיג מִמֶּנּוּ וְלוֹמַר, שֶׁאֵין בִּדְרָשׁוֹתָיו מַמָּשׁ וְשֶׁאֵין מַה לִּשְׁמֹעַ, וּבַעֲוֹנוֹתֵינוּ הָרַבִּים, רָאִינוּ שֶׁהַרְבֵּה אֲנָשִׁים פְּרוּצִּין בָּזֶה, וְלֹא יַחְשְׁבוּ הַלַּעַג הַזֶּה לְאִסוּר כְּלָל, וְעַל פִּי הַדִּין הוּא לָשׁוֹן הָרָע גְּמוּרָה
"When someone gives a talk in the study hall, it is forbidden by law to mock him and say that there is nothing to his talks and nothing worth hearing. Because of our many sins, we have seen many people careless about this, who do not think of this mockery as forbidden at all. But by law it is complete lashon hara."
Chafetz Chaim, Lashon Hara 2:12Open the source
Take it to work

Mocking a talk is lashon hara; tell the speaker privately

The talk ran forty minutes, and slide nine had a chart with two y-axes, which nobody has ever understood, including the people who make them. By the time everyone is back at their desks the team chat has a verdict: "so... nothing there?" Three people react with the same face. One of them slept through slides fourteen to twenty and has strong opinions about them.

The Chafetz Chaim saw this in the study hall. Mocking a speaker and saying there is nothing in his talks is complete lashon hara, he rules, even if it is true, because it can cost him money and bring him pain and shame (2:12). In a note he adds that "nothing in it" is often simply false: some listeners want a new reading of a verse, some want analysis, some want a parable. A talk that was not for you is not a talk with nothing in it.

Shmirat HaLashon traces it to a habit: spend enough time around mockery and you start mocking people (Gate of Discerning 13:7). If you have something useful, the Chafetz Chaim says, take it to the speaker, privately, and you have kept "Love your fellow as yourself." Lead with the numbers. Maybe lose the chart. He writes back "thanks, really" about an hour later, which means he read it four times.

Today's move

If a talk or presentation disappoints you today, say nothing about it in the hallway or the chat. If you have a real suggestion, give it to the speaker, privately.

Send to a friend

Ask yourself, or your study partnerWhen a talk disappoints me, who hears about it: the speaker, or everyone else?

Go deeperMore of his words, and every source

What a sincere listener does

כִּי אִם בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ הוּא, אַדְּרַבָּה, צָרִיךְ לְיַעֵץ לוֹ אַחַר כָּךְ בֵּינוֹ לְבֵין עַצְּמוֹ וּלְהַעֲרִיךְ לְפָנָיו, שֶׁיֹּאמַר בָּאֳפָנִים אֲחֵרִים, שֶׁבְּאֹפֶן זֶה שֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר עַתָּה, אֵין דְּבָרָיו נִשְׁמָּעִים, וּבְעֵצָּה זוֹ הָיָה מְּקַיֵּם גַּם כֵּן "וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ", וְעַל כָּל פָּנִים שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ עַל יְדֵי זֶה לְלַעַג בְּפִי הַבְּרִיּוֹת
"If he is a person of conscience, then on the contrary, he should advise him afterward, between the two of them, and lay out for him that he should say it in other ways, since the way he is saying it now, his words are not being heard. With this advice he would also keep 'Love your fellow as yourself.' And in any case, he should not make him a joke in people's mouths."
Chafetz Chaim, Lashon Hara 2:12Open the source

In a long note he adds that the mocker often mixes in falsehood: that the speaker does not know what he is saying, or that he only speaks for his own gain. Who says so? Maybe his main aim is that people hear words of mussar (ethical teaching) and fear of Heaven, and he also hopes to be supported. With that intention, he writes, a person counts as completely righteous, like the Talmud's man who gives charity "so that my sons will live" (Bava Batra 10b).

In his commentary, the Be'er Mayim Chaim, he explains why "it will get around anyway" does not help here: listeners almost never agree about a talk, so for the few who run it down there are others who praise it, and there is hardly ever a whole talk with nothing worth hearing. Where judging a talk is part of a real decision, such as a review or a hire, there are separate rules (Rechilut 9); ask your rav (rabbi).

Where mockery comes from

וְיֵשׁ מֵחֲמַת לֵיצָנוּת, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁהִרְגִּיל אֶת נַפְשׁוֹ לְלֵיצָנוּת וּלְחֶבְרַת אֲנָשִׁים לֵצִים, עַל כֵּן מִמֵּילָא נִמְשָׁךְ גַּם לְהִתְלוֹצֵץ מֵאֲנָשִׁים וּלְסַפֵּר בִּגְנוּתָם
"And some come to it through mockery: a person who has accustomed himself to mockery and to the company of mockers is drawn, as a matter of course, to mock people too and to speak against them."
Shmirat HaLashon, Gate of Discerning 13:7Open the source

He adds (13:13) that even sitting in their company without joining in is forbidden, "nor sat in the seat of scoffers" (Tehillim 1:1), and advises sitting instead where there are words of Torah. If you are already in the chat when it starts, the Chafetz Chaim (Lashon Hara 9:4) says to speak up if it might stop them, and even if it will not, unless that would only make things worse.

Sources

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Tuesday, November 17 · Day 3 of 7

Silence Is Not a Confession

He did not deny it. The Chafetz Chaim says that proves nothing.

2 minute read
Think first

In a meeting, someone blames a colleague to his face, and he says nothing. Can you take his silence as an admission?

Today's teaching

You may not believe lashon hara (negative talk about someone) even when it was said to the person's face, the Chafetz Chaim rules, because you never heard him admit it. His silence while it was said proves nothing. Even if he usually answers back, maybe he overcame his nature and decided not to answer a quarrel, or saw that people would believe the accuser anyway, and chose to be among those who are insulted and stay quiet. In Shmirat HaLashon he brings the Sages' praise for such people: they shine "like the sun going out in its might."

Read it in his wordsThe Chafetz Chaim in Hebrew, with our English
וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם הוּא שׁוֹתֵק עַתָּה, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאוֹמְרִים עָלָיו הַדִּבְרֵי גְּנוּת בְּפָנָיו, אֲפִלּוּ הָכֵי אֵין לִקַּח מִזֶּה שׁוּם רְאָיָה לְהַחְלִיט, שֶׁהַדָּבָר אֱמֶת, וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם טִבְעוֹ תָּמִיד, שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁתֹּק, כְּשֶׁאוֹמְרִים לוֹ דָּבָר, שֶׁלֹּא כִּרְצוֹנוֹ, וּבְזוֹ הַפַּעַם הוּא שׁוֹתֵק, כִּי אוּלַי נִתְגַבֵּר עַתָּה עַל טִבְעוֹ וְגָמַר בְּדַעְתּוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא לַעֲנוֹת עַל רִיב
"And even if he is silent now, while the disparaging things are said about him to his face, even so, no proof may be taken from this to decide that the thing is true. And even if it is always his nature not to stay silent when something is said to him against his will, and this time he is silent: perhaps he overcame his nature this time and resolved not to answer a quarrel."
Chafetz Chaim, Lashon Hara 7:2Open the source
Take it to work

Saying nothing is not admitting anything

The Tuesday sync: eleven people in eleven boxes. Someone says the launch slipped because Avi never sent the specs. Avi is unmuted; everyone can hear his air conditioner. He says nothing, for what the recording later shows was nine seconds, and then the meeting moves on to the offsite.

By lunch the nine seconds have become a verdict: if it weren't true, he would have said something. The Chafetz Chaim rules the opposite. You may not believe it even though it was said to his face, since you never heard him admit it, and his silence proves nothing (7:2). Even someone who always answers back may have decided, this once, not to answer a quarrel. Or he saw that people believe whoever says it to your face, so a hundred denials would not help, and chose to be one of the insulted.

Shmirat HaLashon gives the Sages' verse for people who are insulted and do not insult back: "those who love Him are like the sun going out in its might" (Gate of Discerning 8:4). Maybe Avi forgot. Maybe the specs were never his to send. Nobody on the call knows which silence it was, which has not slowed anyone down. If it could affect you or others, you may take care (6:10). You may not decide he did it, do anything against him, or even resent him (6:11). At 4:15 his status changes to "focusing."

Today's move

If someone stays silent today when he is blamed, do not take it as proof. Keep your opinion of him where it was.

Send to a friend

Ask yourself, or your study partnerWhose silence have I read as guilt?

Go deeperMore of his words, and every source

Why he might stay silent

אוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁרָאָה, שֶׁבְּוַדַּאי יַאֲמִינוּ יוֹתֵר לְדִבְרֵי הַמְסַפֵּר מִלִּדְבָרָיו, כַּמִּנְהָג הָרַע שֶׁל הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁמֻּסְכָּם אֶצְּלָם, שֶׁאִם רַק יְסַפֵּר אֶת הַדְּבָרִים בְּפָנָיו, אֲפִלּוּ אִם הַשֶּׁכְּנֶגְדּוֹ יַכְחִישֶׁנּוּ מֵאָה פְּעָמִים, לֹא יַאֲמִינוּ לוֹ שׁוּב, וּלְכָךְ הִסְכִּים אָז בְּנַפְשׁוֹ, שֶׁטּוֹב יוֹתֵר לִשְׁתֹּק עַל זֶה וְלִהְיוֹת מֵּהַנְּעֱלָבִים
"Or because he saw that they would surely believe the speaker more than him, as is the bad custom of the world, where it is agreed that if someone just says the things to his face, even if the other denies it a hundred times, they will not believe him anymore. So he decided then that it was better to be silent about it and to be among those who are insulted."
Chafetz Chaim, Lashon Hara 7:2Open the source

The paragraph opens: there is no permission at all to believe lashon hara even if it was said to his face, since we have not heard him admit it, and all the more so if the speaker only says that he would say it to his face; "and people stumble in this very much." In his commentary he quotes the Talmud: the world endures only in the merit of one who holds himself back during a quarrel (Chullin 89a).

To protect yourself or others, you may still be careful (6:10), as long as you decide nothing about him, do nothing against him, cause him no loss or shame, and do not even dislike him for it (6:11). And if the table at lunch is already deciding, 9:4 applies: say something if it might stop them, and even if it will not, unless it would only make things worse.

Those who are insulted

הַנֶּעֱלָבִין וְאֵינָן עוֹלְבִין, שׁוֹמְעִין חֶרְפָּתָן וְאֵינָן מְשִׁיבִין, עוֹשִׂין מֵאַהֲבָה וּשְׂמֵחִין בְּיִסּוּרִין, עֲלֵיהֶם הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר (שופטים ה' ל"א): "וְאֹהֲבָיו כְּצֵאת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ בִּגְבֻרָתוֹ"
"Those who are insulted and do not insult back, who hear themselves shamed and do not answer, who act out of love and are joyful in suffering: about them the verse says (Shoftim 5:31), 'And those who love Him are like the sun going out in its might.'"
Shmirat HaLashon, Gate of Discerning 8:4Open the source

He quotes this from the Talmud (Shabbat 88b). The commentators, he says, count three levels in it: not insulting back, though one might still answer; holding back from answering at all, so as not to draw more insults; and staying silent out of love for Hashem (God), accepting it with joy. Earlier in the chapter (8:2) he says that a person who teaches himself to let insults go will find guarding his tongue much easier, because he will not have to fight the urge, again and again, to tell others what happened between him and someone else.

Sources

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Wednesday, November 18 · Day 4 of 7

Own the Decision, Even If You Lost the Vote

"I fought for you, but they outvoted me." True, and the Chafetz Chaim still forbids it.

2 minute read
Think first

You argued for a colleague in a committee and lost the vote. Can you tell him you were on his side?

Today's teaching

The Chafetz Chaim describes a town council that disagrees, votes and follows the majority. Once they leave the room, he rules, none of them may tell anyone that he wanted to go easy on the person but was outvoted. Not even casually, and not even when someone attacks him over the decision: in every case it is forbidden to cast the wrong onto your colleagues and lift it off yourself, even though it is true. In Shmirat HaLashon he quotes the Sages on how much depends on peace among those who decide.

Read it in his wordsThe Chafetz Chaim in Hebrew, with our English
כְּשֶׁיּוֹשְׁבִין שִׁבְעָה טוֹבֵי הָעִיר לְעַיֵּן בִּדְבַר הַנְהָגַת אַנְשֵׁי הָעִיר בְּעִנְיְנֵי הָעֲרָכוֹת וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה, בְּדָבָר שֶׁהוּא חוֹב לָזֶה וּזְכוּת לָזֶה, וְנֶחְלְקוּ בְּדֵעוֹת וְעָמְדוּ לְמִנְיָן וְהָלְכוּ בָּתַר רֻבָּא, כְּשֶׁיֵּצְאוּ מֵחֲדַר הַקָּהָל, צְרִיכִין לִזָּהֵר מְאֹד כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד, שֶׁלֹּא לְסַפֵּר אַחַר כָּךְ דַּעְתּוֹ אוֹ דַּעַת פְּלוֹנִי, שֶׁהָיָה מִתְּחִלָּה בְּעִנְיָן זֶה לְהָקֵל עַל אוֹתוֹ פְּלוֹנִי, אַךְ חֲבֵרָיו רַבּוּ עָלָיו וְהִכְרִיחוּהוּ לֵילֵךְ בָּתַר דַּעְתָּם
"When the seven good men of the town sit to review the town's affairs, such as tax assessments, in a matter that goes against one person and in favor of another, and they disagree, take a vote and follow the majority: when they leave the council chamber, each one of them must be very careful not to tell afterward his own opinion or so-and-so's, that at first he wanted to be lenient with that person, but his colleagues outvoted him and forced him to go with their view."
Chafetz Chaim, Lashon Hara 2:11Open the source
Take it to work

Do not tell people you were outvoted

The promotions committee met for two hours in a room booked for one. Five people, a whiteboard, four markers, three of them working. It went three to two, and you were one of the two. On Monday Noa, who did not get it, stops at your desk and asks, carefully, if you can tell her anything.

The sentence is right there, and true: "For what it's worth, I pushed for you." The Chafetz Chaim rules on this very sentence. When a town council votes and follows the majority, no member may say afterward that he wanted to go easy on the man but was outvoted. Not casually, and not when attacked over it. It is forbidden to cast the wrong onto your colleagues and step out from under it, even though it is true (2:11).

Maybe you were right in that room. In his own commentary he explains why it still should not come out: one person often cannot see a matter whole at first glance, which is why a group decides together, and reopening your side afterward only stirs up strife and plants hatred. So it is "we decided," and then the one thing she can use: what the committee needs to see next year. She writes it on a sticky note. It stays on her monitor until March.

Today's move

The next time you report a group decision, say "we decided," and leave out who voted how.

Send to a friend

Ask yourself, or your study partnerWhen a decision I was part of is unpopular, do I share the blame or step out from under it?

Go deeperMore of his words, and every source

Even when it is true

וְאֵין שׁוּם נָפְקָא מִנַּה בֵּין לַמְסַפֵּר דָּבָר זֶה מֵעַצְמוֹ, וּבֵין אִם עָמַד עָלָיו חֲבֵרוֹ בְּחֵרוּפִין עַל דְּבַר זֶה הַפְּסָק שֶׁיָּצָא מֵאִתָּם עַל דְּבַר פְּלוֹנִי וּפְלוֹנִי, בְּכָל גַּוְנֵי אָסוּר לְהַטִּיל אֶת הָעַוְלָה עַל חֲבֵרוֹ וּלְסַלְּקָה מֵעָלָיו, אַף שֶׁהוּא אֱמֶת
"And there is no difference whether he tells this on his own, or someone came at him with insults over the ruling they issued about so-and-so: in every case it is forbidden to cast the wrong onto his colleague and remove it from himself, even though it is true."
Chafetz Chaim, Lashon Hara 2:11Open the source

In between he adds that this holds even when no one agreed to keep it quiet, and even when it slips out casually, in words that show he still disagrees but cannot fight his colleagues. According to the Yad HaKetanah, a book on the laws of character, he notes, even saying simply that he first wanted to be lenient and then the majority decided is forbidden.

His source is the Mishnah (Sanhedrin 29a): a judge leaving court may not say, "I acquitted and my colleagues convicted, but what can I do, they outnumbered me"; on this it says, "Do not go about as a talebearer among your people" (Vayikra 19:16). In his commentary, the Be'er Mayim Chaim, he explains that in matters that need deliberation, views come together until the majority, presumably closer to the truth, decides, and the minority should then yield. Reopening it only stirs up strife and plants hatred against the rest.

Later in the book (Rechilut 9:15) he describes a seller who held goods for one buyer, sold them to another, and told the first buyer the second one pushed him into it. Even if the second buyer did push, naming him is talebearing, he rules. The seller should answer simply: "I sold it to someone else by mistake."

Closest of all to being asked directly is his note on Rechilut 9:14: if the person affected asks a council member who was outvoted whether he had a hand in it, he may not answer even "I did not do it," and all the more so may not name the others.

Peace below, peace above

וְלֹא עוֹד שֶׁמַּחֲלֹקֶת בֵּית דִּין חֻרְבַּן עוֹלָם. תֵּדַע שֶׁכֵּן הוּא, שֶׁכָּל זְמַן שֶׁיֵּשׁ שָׁלוֹם בְּפָמַלְיָא שֶׁל מַטָּה יֵשׁ שָׁלוֹם בְּפָמַלְיָא שֶׁל מַעְלָה
"What is more, a dispute in a court is the ruin of the world. Know that it is so: as long as there is peace in the household below, there is peace in the household above."
Shmirat HaLashon, Gate of Remembering 15:15Open the source

He quotes this saying of the Sages at the end of a chapter on how much harm machloket (strife) does: to a home, to a shul, to a city.

Sources

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Thursday, November 19 · Day 5 of 7

Comfort Without Convicting

"Honestly? You got robbed." Why the Chafetz Chaim calls that talebearing.

2 minute read
Think first

A friend lost out on a decision at work. Is there anything wrong with telling him it was unfair?

Today's teaching

Rechilut (talebearing) is forbidden, the Chafetz Chaim rules, even when you reveal nothing new. His example: a man has just lost a case in court, a friend asks how it went, hears the verdict and says, "They did not judge you well." That is rechilut, because the words create something new: hatred in his heart for the people who judged him. In his commentary he adds that it is forbidden even as zeal for the truth, since you did not hear the other side, and that if a ruling can still be fixed, you speak to the judges first, not to him. Shmirat HaLashon warns against stepping into a quarrel that is not yours.

Read it in his wordsThe Chafetz Chaim in Hebrew, with our English
כְּגוֹן שֶׁיָּצָּא רְאוּבֵן חַיָּב בַּדִּין, וּפָגַע בּוֹ שִׁמְעוֹן וְשָׁאַל מֵאִתּוֹ: מַה נַּעֲשָׂה בְּדִּינְךָ? וְהֵשִׁיב רְאוּבֵן: נִתְחַיַּבְתִּי כָּךְ וְכָךְ, וְאָמַר לוֹ שִׁמְעוֹן: לֹא יָפֶה דָּנוּ אוֹתְךָ
"For example: Reuven came out of court found liable, and Shimon met him and asked, 'What happened with your case?' Reuven answered, 'I was found liable for such-and-such,' and Shimon said to him, 'They did not judge you well.'"
Chafetz Chaim, Rechilut 4:1Open the source
Take it to work

Telling him they wronged him is talebearing

Bonus letters went out at 11:00, as PDFs that took a long time to open. By 12:30 your friend is across the table from you, turning a sugar packet over and over, and he tells you the number. It is lower than last year's. He says it flatly, the way people read out a flight delay.

"Honestly? You got robbed." It feels like loyalty. The Chafetz Chaim calls the same move rechilut, talebearing. His case: a man has just lost in court, a friend asks how it went and says, "They did not judge you well." Nothing new was revealed; he knew the verdict. The sentence creates something new: hatred for the people who decided (Rechilut 4:1). His commentary adds that you heard one side, and that if a ruling can still be fixed, you go to the judges first, not to him.

Shmirat HaLashon brings the verse for stepping into a quarrel that is not yours: like grabbing a dog by the ears (Gate of Remembering 17:3). He came to lunch disappointed. You would have sent him back with a grievance, which is heavier and keeps longer. So stay with the disappointment: that is a hard number; what do you want to do next? If he was really cheated and still has a claim, there are separate rules (Rechilut 9); ask your rav (rabbi). He finishes your fries. You let him.

Today's move

If someone tells you today that a decision went against him, comfort him without blaming anyone: "That's hard. What do you want to do next?"

Send to a friend

Ask yourself, or your study partnerWhen a friend is hurt, do I comfort him, or recruit him against someone?

Go deeperMore of his words, and every source

Something new is born

אִסוּר הָרְכִילוּת הוּא אֲפִלּוּ אִם אֵין מְּגַלֶּה לוֹ דָּבָר חָדָשׁ, שֶׁגַּם הוּא יָדַע, כִּי כֵן וְכֵן דִּבֵּר פְּלוֹנִי אוֹדוֹתָיו, אוֹ עָשָׂה עִנְיַן פְּלוֹנִי, שֶׁהוּא נוֹגֵעַ לוֹ, רַק שֶׁהוּא בְּעַצְּמוֹ לֹא הִתְבּוֹנֵן עֲדַיִן בָּזֶה עַל פְּלוֹנִי, שֶׁעָשָׂה עַוְלָה בָּזֶה, וְהָרוֹכֵל הַזֶּה מְעוֹרֵר לוֹ עַל זֶה
"The prohibition of rechilut applies even if he reveals nothing new to him, something he too already knew: that so-and-so said such-and-such about him, or did a certain thing that concerns him; only he himself had not yet considered that so-and-so had wronged him in this, and this talebearer stirs him up about it."
Chafetz Chaim, Rechilut 4:1Open the source
אֲפִלּוּ הָכֵי רְכִילוּת מִקְרֵי, כֵּיוָן שֶׁעַל יְדֵי דִּבּוּרוֹ נוֹלַד עִנְיָן חָדָשׁ, שֶׁגּוֹרֵם בָּזֶה לְהַכְנִיס שִׂנְאָה בְּלִבּוֹ עַל אוֹתוֹ פְּלוֹנִי
"Even so, it is called rechilut, since through his words something new is born, which causes hatred to enter his heart against that person."
Chafetz Chaim, Rechilut 4:1Open the source

In his commentary, the Be'er Mayim Chaim, he traces this to the Talmud (Bava Kamma 99b). Two sages met a man whose case Rav had just decided against him, and told him, "Rav did two things to you." The Talmud asks: would they be allowed to say such a thing? So it reads their words the other way: Rav did two things for you.

He adds three points there. It is forbidden even if you mean it as zeal for the truth, since it is easy to be wrong when you have not heard the other side. Even if you know both sides, it is still forbidden to say it to him: what good does it do once the ruling is final? And even if the judges made the kind of mistake that reopens a ruling, do not say it to him; go to the judges first, and perhaps they will reverse it.

A quarrel that is not yours

אֲבָל הַשּׁוֹמֵר עַצְמוֹ מִן הַמַּחֲלֹקֶת הֲרֵי זֶה מְכֻבָּד בִּפְנֵי הַבְּרִיּוֹת, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי כ' ג'): "כָּבוֹד לָאִישׁ שֶׁבֶת מֵרִיב" וְגוֹ'. וְאָמְרוּ חֲזַ"ל: וּמָה אִם מְרִיבָה שֶׁהִיא שֶׁל אָדָם עַצְמוֹ, כָּבוֹד לוֹ אִם כָּבַשׁ, קַל וָחֹמֶר מְרִיבָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ וְהוּא מַכְנִיס עַצְמוֹ לְתוֹכָהּ, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (משלי כ"ו י"ז): "מַחֲזִיק בְּאָזְנֵי כָלֶב, עֹבֵר מִתְעַבֵּר עַל רִיב לֹא לוֹ"
"But one who keeps himself away from strife is honored by people, as it says (Mishlei 20:3), 'It is an honor for a man to keep away from strife.' And the Sages said: if with a quarrel that is his own, it is an honor for him to hold back, how much more so with a quarrel that is not his, that he pushes himself into. And so it says (Mishlei 26:17), 'Like one who grabs a dog by the ears is a passerby who gets worked up over a quarrel not his own.'"
Shmirat HaLashon, Gate of Remembering 17:3Open the source

He adds (17:7) that it is a mitzvah for every person to make peace between the sides, one of the things whose fruits a person enjoys in this world while the principal remains for the World to Come.

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Friday, November 20 · Day 6 of 7

Stop Asking What They Said About You

"Did my name come up?" The Chafetz Chaim on the question everyone asks.

2 minute read
Think first

Is anything wrong with asking a friend what people said about you in a meeting you were not in?

Today's teaching

The Chafetz Chaim describes a common habit: always asking friends what so-and-so said about you, even when knowing makes no difference to your future, and pressing them until they tell. When the answer has something disparaging in it, you take it as the whole truth, and two people become complete enemies. He calls this foolish: you sin, and you make your friend sin. Asking is allowed only when it is clear you need to know, to protect yourself from someone. In Shmirat HaLashon he explains why the report cannot be trusted anyway: maybe something was added or left out, or said in a different tone.

Read it in his wordsThe Chafetz Chaim in Hebrew, with our English
כַּמָּה נוֹאֲלוּ הַרְבֵּה מִבְּנֵי אָדָם, שֶׁטִּבְעָם תָּמִיד לִדְרֹש מֵחבְרֵיהֶם, מַה דִּבֵּר פְּלוֹנִי אוֹדוֹתָם, וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם מִידִיעַת דָּבָר הַזֶּה אֵין נָפְקָא מִנַּה לָהֶם עַל לְהַבָּא, וּכְשֶׁהֵם אֵינָם רוֹצִּים לְגַלּוֹת לָהֶם, מַפְצִּירִים בָּהֶם הַרְבֵּה, עַד שֶׁמְגַלִּים לָהֶם, מַה שֶּׁדִּבֵּר פְּלוֹנִי אוֹדוֹתָם, וְיֵשׁ בְּאֵלּוּ הַדְּבָרִים עִנְין גְּנַאי עֲלֵיהֶם, וּמְקַבְּלִים אֶת הַדָּבָר לֶאֱמֶת גְּמוּרָה, וְעַל יְדֵי זֶה נַעֲשׂוּ שׂוֹנְאִים גְּמוּרִים
"How foolish are many people whose nature is always to ask their friends what so-and-so said about them, even when knowing it makes no difference to them going forward. And when the friends do not want to reveal it, they press them hard until they reveal what so-and-so said about them. There is something disparaging about them in it, they accept it as the complete truth, and because of this they become complete enemies."
Chafetz Chaim, Rechilut 5:5Open the source
Take it to work

Do not ask people what others said about you

Calibration was yesterday: the managers, a spreadsheet of everyone's reviews, and frosted glass that hides nothing except faces. Tal was in the room. You were not. So at 10:15 you are buying Tal a coffee he did not ask for, which is how this conversation usually starts.

"Did my name come up?" He says, "Not really." You wait, because waiting works, and get one sentence: someone said you "could be more strategic." Now you own a sentence without its tone and without the twenty minutes around it, and you will carry it into every meeting with everyone who was in that room. It may have been a compliment, in context. You were not there for the context. The Chafetz Chaim describes this exact habit, asking what so-and-so said about you and pressing until your friend tells, and calls it foolish: you sin, and you make your friend sin (Rechilut 5:5).

Shmirat HaLashon explains why the sentence is worth less than it feels: maybe a few words were left out, maybe it was said in a different tone, and that changes it completely (Gate of Remembering 12:2). If you need to grow, ask for that, directly, from your manager: what should I work on? That question has no "who" in it. Tal thanks you for the coffee, twice.

Today's move

Today, do not ask anyone what someone said about you. If you need feedback, ask for it directly: "What should I work on?"

Send to a friend

Ask yourself, or your study partnerWhat do I actually gain from knowing what someone said about me?

Go deeperMore of his words, and every source

Asking makes two sinners

וְעַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה לַעֲמֹד עַל חֲבֵרוֹ וּלְהַפְצִירוֹ, עַד שֶׁיָּבוֹא הַמְסַפֵּר לִכְלַל סִפּוּר רְכִילוּת, וְהַשּׁוֹמֵעַ לְאִסוּר קַבָּלַת רְכִילוּת, דְּאָסוּר, וְהוּא חוֹטֵא וּמַחֲטִיא אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ. עַל כֵּן צָרִיךְ הָאָדָם מְאֹד מְאֹד לְהִתְרַחֵק מִלִּדְרֹש עִנְיָן כָּזֶה, אִם לֹא שֶׁבָּרוּר לוֹ, שֶׁנּוֹגֵעַ לוֹ הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה עַל לְהַבָּא לֵידַע, הֵיאַךְ לִשְׁמֹר אֶת עַצְמוֹ מִפְּלוֹנִי
"All the more so to stand over his friend and press him, until the teller comes to tell rechilut and the listener to the prohibition of accepting it: this is forbidden, and he sins and causes his friend to sin. Therefore a person must keep very, very far from asking about such a thing, unless it is clear to him that it matters to him to know for the future, how to protect himself from so-and-so."
Chafetz Chaim, Rechilut 5:5Open the source

Even then, he writes in the same paragraph, the Torah commands not to believe it, only to be careful. And if you already heard it and believed it, the fix (5:7) is to remove it from your heart. Even if it is hard to think the teller made it all up, think that perhaps he added or left out a detail, or some of the words, or said it in a different tone that turned it from good to bad. Then resolve never again to accept lashon hara or rechilut about a fellow Jew, and confess it. That repairs it, he adds, only if you have not yet passed it on to others.

A different tone

יֵשׁ לוֹ לַחֲשֹׁב בְּדַעְתּוֹ: אוּלַי הַדָּבָר שֶׁקֶר מֵעִקָּרוֹ אוֹ הוֹסִיף בּוֹ מְעַט שֶׁקֶר, וְעַל יְדֵי זֶה נִשְׁתַּנָּה הַדָּבָר בְּכֻלּוֹ, אוֹ אֲפִלּוּ אִם הַמְסַפֵּר לֹא הוֹסִיף בְּזֶה הָעִנְיָן כְּלָל, אוּלַי לֹא סִפֵּר כָּל הָעִנְיָן כְּמוֹת שֶׁהוּא וְגָרַע בּוֹ אֵיזֶה תֵּבוֹת, אוֹ אָמַר בְּנִגּוּן אַחֵר, וְעַל יְדֵי זֶה נִשְׁתַּנֶּה הַדָּבָר לְגַמְרֵי
"He should think: perhaps the thing is a lie from the start, or he added a little falsehood to it, and through that the whole thing changed. Or even if the teller added nothing at all, perhaps he did not tell the whole thing as it was, and left out a few words, or said it in a different tone, and through that the thing changed completely."
Shmirat HaLashon, Gate of Remembering 12:2Open the source

He opens the paragraph by saying that whoever wants the trait of peace must guard himself from accepting lashon hara and rechilut. Once a person believes that someone spoke against him, it is almost impossible not to hurt him or quarrel with him afterward, until the two become great enemies.

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Shabbat, November 21 · Day 7 of 7

Assume the Best, Even When It's a Stretch

A worker, an employer who says he has nothing, and a story for the Shabbat table.

For the Shabbat table. Print it on Friday.

2 minute read
Think first

How far should you go to judge someone favorably, even when the good explanation seems unlikely?

Today's teaching

In Shmirat HaLashon, the Chafetz Chaim asks us to get used to judging people favorably, as the Sages read the verse "In righteousness judge your fellow." That can mean: he was in the right, it was a mistake, he did not know how serious it was, or the story you heard was missing a detail, or had one added. "Do not judge your fellow until you reach his place" (Avot 2:4). He brings the Talmud's story of a worker whose employer told him, on the day before Yom Kippur, that he had nothing to pay him with. And he warns: the way you judge others, for good or for bad, sets up your own judgment.

Read it in his wordsThe Chafetz Chaim in Hebrew, with our English
עַל כֵּן צָרִיךְ שֶׁיֵּדַע הָאָדָם בְּנַפְשׁוֹ בְּעוֹדוֹ בַּחַיִּים, כִּי בְּעֵת שֶׁהוּא דָּן אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, בֵּין לְטַב בֵּין לְמוּטָב, אָז בְּדִבּוּרָיו מַמָּשׁ הוּא מְסַדֵּר דִּין לְעַצְמוֹ
"Therefore a person must know in his soul, while he is still alive, that when he judges his fellow, for good or for bad, then with his very words he is setting out the judgment of himself."
Shmirat HaLashon, Gate of Discerning 4:6Open the source
Take it to the Shabbat table

Look for the good explanation, even a far one

By Friday afternoon most people are carrying a small stack of theories about other people, none of them requested. The client who has not paid. The friend who saw your message at 2:14 and still has not answered. Avi and his nine seconds.

Shmirat HaLashon answers with a story from the Talmud (Shabbat 127b). A man works three years for an employer in the south. On the day before Yom Kippur he asks for his wages, to feed his family. No money. Produce? None. An animal, pillows, blankets: none. He goes home crushed. After the holiday the employer arrives with his wages and three loaded donkeys, and asks what the worker suspected each time. A bargain came up. The animals were rented out. The produce was not yet tithed (its required portions not yet set aside). And for the pillows: maybe he had consecrated everything he owned to Heaven.

The guesses get less likely as they go, and the last one was right. The employer had vowed it all away over his son, who would not learn Torah, until colleagues released the vows. "As you judged me favorably," he says, "may God judge you favorably." At the table, tell the story and stop at "he goes home crushed." Let everyone guess. Then read the ending. The client, for the record, paid on Thursday. The friend still has not answered.

This Shabbat

At the Shabbat table, tell the story of the worker and stop before the ending. Let everyone guess what the employer was thinking.

Send to a friend

Ask yourself, or your study partnerWhose behavior this week did I explain in the worst way, and what is the most generous way to explain it?

Look back at your week

Which move actually stuck?

Pick the one you will keep doing. Moves you marked "I did it" have a check.

Go deeperMore of his words, and every source

The worker and the employer

וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְּאָדָם אֶחָד שֶׁיָּרַד מִגָּלִיל הָעֶלְיוֹן וְנִשְׂכַּר אֵצֶל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת אֶחָד בַּדָּרוֹם שָׁלֹש שָׁנִים. עֶרֶב יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים אָמַר לוֹ: תֵּן לִי שְׂכָרִי וְאֵלֵךְ וְאָזוּן אֶת אִשְׁתִּי וּבָנַי. אָמַר לוֹ: אֵין לִי מָעוֹת. אָמַר לוֹ: תֵּן לִי פֵּרוֹת, אָמַר לוֹ: אֵין לִי. תֵּן לִי בְּהֵמָה אֵין לִי. כָּרִים וּכְסָתוֹת אֵין לִי. הִפְשִׁיל כֵּלָיו לַאֲחוֹרָיו וְהָלַךְ לְבֵיתוֹ בְּפַחֵי נֶפֶשׁ. לְאַחַר הָרֶגֶל נָטַל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת שְׂכָרוֹ בְּיָדוֹ וְעִמּוֹ מַשּׂוֹי שְׁלֹשָה חֲמוֹרִים, אֶחָד שֶׁל מַאֲכָל וְאֶחָד שֶׁל מִשְׁתֶּה וְאֶחָד שֶׁל מִינֵי מְגָדִים וְהָלַךְ לוֹ לְבֵיתוֹ. אַחַר שֶׁאָכְלוּ וְשָׁתוּ נָתַן לוֹ שְׂכָרוֹ. אָמַר לוֹ: בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ, תֵּן לִי שְׂכָרִי וְאָמַרְתִּי, אֵין לִי מָעוֹת, בַּמָּה חֲשַׁדְתַּנִי? אָמַרְתִּי, שֶׁמָּא פְּרַקְמַטְיָא בְּזוֹל נִזְדַּמְּנָה לְךָ וְלָקַחְתָּ בָּהֶן. וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ לִי, תֵּן לִי בְּהֵמָה וְאָמַרְתִּי, אֵין לִי בְּהֵמָה, בַּמָּה חֲשַׁדְתַּנִי? אָמַרְתִּי, שֶׁמָּא מֻשְׂכֶּרֶת בְּיַד אֲחֵרִים. וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַרְתָּ לִי, תֵּן לִי קַרְקַע וְאָמַרְתִּי לְךָ, אֵין לִי קַרְקַע, בַּמָּה חֲשַׁדְתַּנִי? אָמַרְתִּי, שֶׁמָּא מֻחְכֶּרֶת בְּיַד אֲחֵרִים הִיא. וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַרְתִּי לְךָ, אֵין לִי פֵּרוֹת, בַּמָּה חֲשַׁדְתַּנִי? אָמַרְתִּי, שֶׁמָּא אֵינָן מְעֻשָּׂרוֹת. וּבְשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַרְתִּי לְךָ, אֵין לִי כָּרִים וּכְסָתוֹת, בַּמָּה חֲשַׁדְתַּנִי? אָמַרְתִּי שֶׁמָּא הִקְדִּישׁ כָּל נְכָסָיו לַשָּׁמַיִם. אָמַר לוֹ: הָעֲבוֹדָה, כָּךְ הָיָה. הִדַּרְתִּי כָּל נְכָסַי בִּשְׁבִיל הוֹרְקְנוּס בְּנִי, שֶׁלֹּא עָסַקּ בַּתּוֹרָה, וּכְשֶׁבָּאתִי אֵצֶל חֲבֵרַי בַּדָּרוֹם הִתִּירוּ לִי כָּל נְדָרַי. וְאַתָּה כְּשֵׁם שֶׁדַּנְתַּנִי לִזְכוּת, הַמָּקוֹם יָדִין אוֹתְךָ לִזְכוּת
"It once happened that a man came down from the Upper Galilee and hired himself out to an employer in the south for three years. On the day before Yom Kippur he said to him, 'Give me my wages, and I will go and feed my wife and children.' He said to him, 'I have no money.' He said, 'Give me produce.' He said, 'I have none.' 'Give me an animal.' 'I have none.' 'Pillows and blankets.' 'I have none.' He threw his things over his shoulder and went home in despair. After the festival, the employer took his wages in hand, along with three donkeys' loads, one of food, one of drink and one of sweets, and went to his home. After they had eaten and drunk, he paid him his wages and said to him: 'When you said to me, Give me my wages, and I said, I have no money, what did you suspect me of?' 'I said: maybe merchandise came your way at a low price, and you bought it with the money.' 'And when you said, Give me an animal, and I said, I have no animal, what did you suspect me of?' 'I said: maybe it is rented out to others.' 'And when you said, Give me land, and I said, I have no land, what did you suspect me of?' 'I said: maybe it is leased out to others.' 'And when I said, I have no produce, what did you suspect me of?' 'I said: maybe it has not been tithed.' 'And when I said, I have no pillows and blankets, what did you suspect me of?' 'I said: maybe he consecrated all his property to Heaven.' He said to him: 'By the Temple service, that is how it was! I vowed away all my property because of my son Hyrkanus, who would not study Torah, and when I came to my colleagues in the south, they released all my vows. And you: just as you judged me favorably, may the Omnipresent judge you favorably.'"
Shmirat HaLashon, Gate of Discerning 4:4Open the source

The Talmud brings more stories like it, he adds, where the favorable explanation was less likely than the unfavorable one, and still they were careful to judge favorably.

What "favorably" can mean

וְהָעִנְיָן שֶׁל כַּף זְכוּת הוּא בֵּין אִם יֵשׁ לְצַדֵּד בְּעֶצֶם הָעִנְיָן שֶׁנִּשְׁמַע עָלָיו שֶׁעָשָׂה אוֹ שֶׁדִּבֵּר, לוֹמַר שֶׁהַדִּין עִמּוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁבִּשְׁגָגָה בָּא הָעִנְיָן לְיָדוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יָדַע אֶת חֹמֶר אִסּוּרוֹ, וַאֲפִלּוּ אִם נִתְבָּרֵר שֶׁכָּל הַסְּבָרוֹת לֹא שַׁיָּכוֹת בְּזֶה הַמַּעֲשֶׂה, יַחֲשֹׁב: אוּלַי חִסֵּר הַמְסַפֵּר פְּרָט אֶחָד אוֹ שֶׁהוֹסִיף עוֹד פְּרָט אֶחָד קָטָן, שֶׁעַל יְדֵי זֶה נִשְׁתַּנָּה הָעִנְיָן לִגְנוּת עָלָיו? וּכְלָל אָמְרוּ חֲזַ"ל בְּאָבוֹת (ב' ד'): "אַל תָּדִין אֶת חֲבֵרְךָ עַד שֶׁתַּגִּיעַ לִמְקוֹמוֹ"
"Judging favorably can mean arguing about the thing itself that he is reported to have done or said: that the law is on his side, or that it came to him by mistake, or that he did not know how serious the prohibition was. And even if it becomes clear that none of these reasons fit this deed, he should think: perhaps the teller left out one detail, or added one small detail, and through that the matter turned against him? And the Sages gave a rule in Avot (2:4): 'Do not judge your fellow until you reach his place.'"
Shmirat HaLashon, Gate of Discerning 4:3Open the source

After the story, in 4:5, he explains why this matters so much. If Hashem judged anyone with strict justice, few of his mitzvot would survive the scrutiny; if He looks for merit, nothing stands in His way. Which way He judges a person, he concludes (4:6), depends on how that person judged others.

Sources

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The Hebrew of the Chafetz Chaim and of Shmirat HaLashon is from Sefaria (the Chafetz Chaim text under CC-BY-SA). The quotes are short excerpts. English renderings, explanations and the "Take it to work" applications are Torah Tech originals, and any mistakes are ours.

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